Rujukan رجوكن United Malay National Organisation

  1. ↑ Edge 2004, m/s. 185. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEdge2004 (help)
  2. ↑ Helen Ting. "The Politics of National Identity in West Malaysia: Continued Mutation or Critical Transition? [The Politics of Ambiguity]" (PDF). Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University. J-Stage. m/s. 3/21 [33] and 5/21 [35]. UMNO came into being in 1946 under the impetus of the Anti-Malayan Union Movement based on this ideological understanding of ketuanan Melayu. Its founding president, Dato’ Onn Jaafar, once said that the UMNO movement did not adhere to any ideology other than Melayuisme, defined by scholar Ariffin Omar as “the belief that the interests of the bangsa Melayu must be upheld over all else”. Malay political dominance is a fundamental reality of Malaysian politics, notwithstanding the fact that the governing coalition since independence, the Alliance [subsequently expanded to form the Barisan Nasional or literally, the “National Front”], is multiethnic in its composition.
  3. ↑ Jinna Tay; Graeme Turner (24 July 2015). Television Histories in Asia: Issues and Contexts. Routledge. halaman 127–. ISBN 978-1-135-00807-9.
  4. ↑ Senkyr, Jan (2013), "Political Awakening in Malaysia", KAS International Reports (7): 73–74
  5. ↑ UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Foundation and Goals. From: "Archived copy". Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 29 February 2012. Dicapai pada 5 January 2013. Parameter |deadurl= yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan)
  6. ↑ UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Goal 3.5. From:"Archived copy". Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 29 February 2012. Dicapai pada 5 January 2013. Parameter |deadurl= yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan)
  7. ↑ UMNO Online. UMNO's Constitution: Goal 3.3. From:"Archived copy". Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 29 February 2012. Dicapai pada 5 January 2013. Parameter |deadurl= yang tidak diketahui diendahkan (bantuan)
  8. ↑ http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787
  9. ↑ UMNO Online. Tujuan Parti 3.6. Dari: http://umno-online.com/?page_id=2787
  10. ↑ "Umno elections historic, ensure party remains relevant, says Zahid - Nation | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Dicapai pada 2018-07-01.
  11. ↑ "Malaysia : History | The Commonwealth".
  12. ↑ Adam, Ramlah binti, Samuri, Abdul Hakim bin & Fadzil, Muslimin bin (2004). Sejarah Tingkatan 3, pp. 60–65, 75. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. ISBN 983-62-8285-8.
  13. ↑ Joseph M. Fernando (18 June 2007). "The rebel in Onn Jaafar". The Star. The Malaysian Bar. Dicapai pada 19 June 2007.
  14. ↑ Keat Gin Ooi, penyunting (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 138. ISBN 9781576077702.
  15. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 124, 135.
  16. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, pp. 137–140.
  17. ↑ "About MIC: History" Diarkibkan 20 Februari 2006 di Wayback Machine. Retrieved 28 January 2006.
  18. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 140.
  19. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 103–107.
  20. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, pp. 148, 151.
  21. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, p. 153–155.
  22. ↑ Ooi, Jeff (2005). "Social Contract: 'Utusan got the context wrong'" Diarkibkan 30 Oktober 2005 di Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 November 2005.
  23. ↑ "Malaysia : History | The Commonwealth".
  24. ↑ Joseph M. Fernando (18 June 2007). "The rebel in Onn Jaafar". The Star. The Malaysian Bar. Dicapai pada 19 June 2007.
  25. ↑ Keat Gin Ooi, penyunting (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 138. ISBN 9781576077702.
  26. ↑ Adam, Samuri & Fadzil, pp. 137–140.
  27. ↑ "About MIC: History" Diarkibkan 20 Februari 2006 di Wayback Machine. Retrieved 28 January 2006.
  28. ↑ Joseph M. Fernando (18 June 2007). "The rebel in Onn Jaafar". The Star. The Malaysian Bar. Dicapai pada 19 June 2007.
  29. ↑ Keat Gin Ooi, penyunting (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. m/s. 138. ISBN 9781576077702.
  30. ↑ https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/img_101103122625_0001.pdf
  31. ↑ Singh, Daljit; Smith, Anthony. Southeast Asian Affairs 2002.
  32. ↑ "Di sebalik penciptaan lagu UMNO". Utusan Malaysia. Diarkib daripada yang asal pada 1 Dis 2012. Dicapai pada 24 Jun 2018.
  33. ↑ Hakim, Akmal (11 Disember 2015). "Komposer muzik dedah inspirasi cipta tiga dekad lagu Umno". The Rakyat Post. Dicapai pada 24 Jun 2018.
  34. ↑ "Senarai Ahli Dewan Negara". Parlimen Malaysia. Dicapai pada 22 November 2014.
  35. ↑ "Umno - apa selepas hari ini, 19 Apr 2018?". Malaysiakini. 2018-04-19. Dicapai pada 2018-05-11.
  36. ↑ "RoS patut isytihar Umno haram 19 April, kata peguam Dr Mahathir". The Malaysian Insight. Dicapai pada 2018-05-11.
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